Pa Okutobala 31, 2008, chiphaso chomwe chidasainidwa ndi Satoshi Nakamoto chidathetsa vutoli ndi pepala lamasamba 9 momwe angandilipire mu netiweki yosadziwika bwino.

Tsopano tikudziwa kuti munthu wodabwitsayo wotchedwa Satoshi Nakamoto ndi masamba asanu ndi anayiwo adapangidwa kuchokera kumlengalenga wofewa wofanana ndi 100 biliyoni ya RMB mu bitcoin ndi ukadaulo womwe umawupatsa mphamvu, blockchain.

Popanda munthu wachitatu wodalirika, vuto lalikulu ndikuti palibe aliyense wa ife amene angakhulupirane, chifukwa chake mdziko la blockchain, kusamutsidwa kuyenera kufalikira kuti aliyense adziwe mbiri ya dola iliyonse ya munthu aliyense mu netiweki. Anthu atsimikizira kuti izi ndi zomwe ndidanena ndikulemba siginecha yamagetsi, kenako ndikuziyika zolembedwera. Buku ili ndiye chipika. Kulumikiza zolumikiza pamodzi ndi blockchain. Ikulemba zochitika zonse za Bitcoin kuyambira pomwe idayamba mpaka lero, ndipo tsopano pali mabulogu pafupifupi 600,000, okhala ndi zochitika zikwi ziwiri kapena zitatu zolembedwa m'bokosi lililonse, ndipo akaunti iliyonse, kuphatikiza yanu ndi yanga, imakumbukira ndalamazo, amachokera, komwe amawononga ndalama, ndipo zimawonekera poyera.

Mu netiweki ya blockchain, aliyense ali ndi buku lofananira komanso la nthawi yeniyeni. Mosadabwitsa, kudalilika kwa bukulo ndiye mwala wapangodya wa ndalama zadijito, ndipo ngati bukulo silili mu dongosolo, palibe ndalama yomwe ingagwire ntchito bwino.

Koma izi zimadzutsa mafunso awiri atsopano: ndani amasungira mabuku aliyense? Mukuwonetsetsa bwanji kuti mabukuwa siabodza?

Ngati aliyense atha kusungitsa zolembedwera, zochitika ndi kulongosola kwa zochitika zomwe zili mgawo lililonse zitha kukhala zosiyana, ndipo ngati pangakhale zolemba zabodza mwadala, zingakhale zosokoneza kwambiri. Ndizosatheka kupeza buku lovomerezeka kwa aliyense.

Chifukwa chake amene amasunga mabukuwo ayenera kuti aliyense awalandire kuti mabuku onse akhale ofanana. Izi zimadziwikanso kuti mgwirizano.

Lero pali mitundu yonse yazinthu zosiyanasiyana zogwirizira ma blockchains osiyanasiyana, ndipo yankho la Satoshi ndikuthetsa vutoli. Aliyense amene ayankhe yankho ali ndi ufulu kusunga mabukuwo. Makinawa amatchedwa PoW: Umboni Wogwira Ntchito, Umboni Wokwanira Ntchito.

Chitsimikizo cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndikokwanira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa masamu komwe chida chanu chimakhala nacho, kumawonjezera mwayi wopeza yankho.

Kuti muchite izi, kubisa kwa hashi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tengani SHA256 algorithm mwachitsanzo, chingwe chilichonse cha zilembo zotsekedwa nacho chimapereka chingwe chapadera cha manambala a 256-bit. Ngati zolowetsa zoyambirira zisinthidwa mwanjira iliyonse, nambala yosungidwa ya hasi idzakhala yosiyana kotheratu.

Chitsimikizo cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndikokwanira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa masamu komwe chida chanu chimakhala nacho, kumawonjezera mwayi wopeza yankho.

Kuti muchite izi, kubisa kwa hashi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tengani SHA256 algorithm mwachitsanzo, chingwe chilichonse cha zilembo zotsekedwa nacho chimapereka chingwe chapadera cha manambala a 256-bit. Ngati zolowetsa zoyambirira zisinthidwa mwanjira iliyonse, nambala yosungidwa ya hasi idzakhala yosiyana kotheratu.

Chitsimikizo cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndikokwanira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa masamu komwe chida chanu chimakhala nacho, kumawonjezera mwayi wopeza yankho.

Kuti muchite izi, kubisa kwa hashi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tengani SHA256 algorithm mwachitsanzo, chingwe chilichonse cha zilembo zotsekedwa nacho chimapereka chingwe chapadera cha manambala a 256-bit. Ngati zolowetsa zoyambirira zisinthidwa mwanjira iliyonse, nambala yosungidwa ya hasi idzakhala yosiyana kotheratu.

Chitsimikizo cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndikokwanira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa masamu komwe chida chanu chimakhala nacho, kumawonjezera mwayi wopeza yankho.

Kuti muchite izi, kubisa kwa hashi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tengani SHA256 algorithm mwachitsanzo, chingwe chilichonse cha zilembo zotsekedwa nacho chimapereka chingwe chapadera cha manambala a 256-bit. Ngati zolowetsa zoyambirira zisinthidwa mwanjira iliyonse, nambala yosungidwa ya hasi idzakhala yosiyana kotheratu.

Chitsimikizo cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndikokwanira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa masamu komwe chida chanu chimakhala nacho, kumawonjezera mwayi wopeza yankho.

Kuti muchite izi, kubisa kwa hashi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tengani SHA256 algorithm mwachitsanzo, chingwe chilichonse cha zilembo zotsekedwa nacho chimapereka chingwe chapadera cha manambala a 256-bit. Ngati kulowetsa koyambirira kusinthidwa mwanjira iliyonse, nambala yosungidwa ya hasi idzakhala yosiyana kotheratu

Tikatsegula chipika, titha kuwona kuchuluka kwa zochitika zomwe zalembedwa pamalopo, zambiri zogulitsa, mutu wamutu ndi zina.

Mutu wamutu ndikulemba kwa block yomwe ili ndi zidziwitso monga timestamp, Merk mtengo mizu hash, nambala yosasintha ndi hash ya block yapitayo, ndikupanga kuwerengera kwachiwiri SHA256 pamutu wa block kudzatipatsa hashi ya block iyi.

Kuti muzitsatira, muyenera kusungitsa zidziwitso zosiyanasiyana mu blockyo, kenako ndikusintha nambala yosasinthika pamutu wa block kuti phindu lolowetsa likhoza kutsitsidwa kuti lipeze mtengo wa hashi pomwe manambala oyamba n ali 0 pambuyo pakuwerengera kwa hashi .

Pali zotheka ziwiri zokha pamanambala onse: 1 ndi 0, chifukwa chake mwayi wopambana pakusintha kulikonse mpaka nambala yosasintha ndi nth imodzi ya 2. Mwachitsanzo, ngati n ndi 1, ndiye kuti, nambala yoyamba ndi 0, ndiye kuti mwayi wopambana ndi 1 mwa 2.

Mphamvu zochulukirapo zamagetsi zomwe zilipo mu netiweki, ma zero ambiri amayenera kuwerengedwa, ndipo ndizovuta kuti ntchitoyo itsimikizire.

Masiku ano, n mu netiweki ya Bitcoin ili pafupifupi 76, yomwe ndiyabwino kwambiri 1 pa magawo 76 pa 2, kapena pafupifupi 1 mu 755 trilioni.

Ndi khadi ya $ 8,000 RTX 2080Ti, ndi zaka pafupifupi 1407 kuti muwerenge.

Sizovuta kupeza masamu molondola, koma mukangochita, aliyense akhoza kutsimikizira munthawi yomweyo kuti mwachita bwino. Ngati ndizolondola, aliyense amalumikiza chipikacho ndikulemba paketi yotsatira.

Mwanjira iyi, aliyense pa netiweki ali ndi zolemba, zosintha zenizeni zenizeni.

Ndipo kuti aliyense alimbikitsidwe kusungitsa mabuku, njira yoyamba kumaliza kulongedza idzapatsidwa mphotho ndi makinawa, omwe tsopano ndi ma bitcoins a 12.5, kapena pafupifupi 600,000 RMB. Izi zimadziwikanso kuti migodi.

Kumbali inayi, kuti tipewe kusokonezana ndi bukulo, block yatsopano iliyonse yomwe ikuwonjezedwa iyenera kujambula mtengo wa hash wa block yam'mbuyomu, yotchedwanso hashi pointer, pamutu wamutu. Cholozera chotsogola chotere pamapeto pake chimaloza ku maziko oyambilira, ndikumangiriza zolimba zonse pamodzi.

Ngati mungasinthe aliyense wa otchulidwa paliponse, mungasinthe mtengo wa hashi wa chipikacho, ndikupangitsa pointer yotsatira ya hash.

Chifukwa chake muyenera kusintha cholumikizira cha hashi cha block yotsatira, koma zomwe zimakhudzanso phindu la hashi ya chipikacho, chifukwa chake muyeneranso kuwerengetsa nambala yosasintha, ndipo mukamaliza kuwerengera, muyenera kusintha kaye gawo lotsatira ya chipikacho mpaka mutasintha midadada yonse pambuyo pake, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kwa woyang'anira mabuku kuti azisunga zabodza ngakhale atafuna. Chifukwa cha siginecha yamagetsi, osunga mabuku sangapange zabodza kuchoka kwa wina kupita kwa iye, ndipo chifukwa cha mbiri ya bukuli, sangasinthe ndalama ndi mpweya wowonda.

Koma izi zikubweretsa funso latsopano: ngati anthu awiri amaliza kuwerengera nthawi imodzi ndikunyamula cholembera chatsopano, ayenera kumvera ndani?

Yankho ndikuti aliyense ndi wautali kuti amvetsere, ndipo tsopano aliyense akhoza kulongedza pambuyo pazitsulo zonse ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu woyamba kumaliza kumaliza kuwerengera mgawo lotsatira asankha kulumikizana ndi B, chingwe cha B chimakhala chachitali ndipo aliyense akhoza kulumikizana ndi B.

Pakadutsa sikisi ndikunyamula, wopambana amakhala atakhazikika, ndipo malonda amtengowo amachotsedwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso m'dziwe loti agulitse.

Koma popeza ndi aliyense amene ali wamtali kwambiri amamvetsera kwa aliyense amene ndi wamtali kwambiri, bola ngati mutha kuwerengera kuposa wina aliyense, ndipo mphamvu yanu yowerengera ndi yayikulu kuposa 51%, mutha kudziwa nokha unyolo wautali kwambiri, ndikuwongolera bukulo .

Chifukwa chake mphamvu yayikulu yakuchita kwa ogwira ntchito m'migodi mu dziko la Bitcoin, ndizomwe aliyense amafunika kuwerengera, kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe amene angalamulire bukulo.

Koma ma blockchains ena omwe atenga nawo mbali ochepa samayenda bwino, monga kuwukira kwa 51% pa ndalama zadijito zotchedwa Bitcoin Gold pa Meyi 15, 2018.

Otsutsawo adasinthanitsa pang'ono ndi ndalama zawo zokwana madola 10 miliyoni posinthana, ndipo kusamutsaku kudalembedwa pa block A. Omwe akuukirawo adathanso kusamutsa ndalama zawo zokwana madola 10 miliyoni posinthana. Nthawi yomweyo, wowomberayo adakonza mwadongosolo b yomwe B idasinthidwe ndipo adawerengera block yatsopano pambuyo pa block B. Wotsutsayo adakonzeranso mwachinsinsi malo a B pomwe kusunthako sikunachitike.

Kusamutsa kwa unyolo A kutatsimikizika, womenyerayo amatha kutulutsa golide pang'ono posinthana. Koma popeza mphamvu ya womutsutsayo ili ndi 51% yayikulu kuposa netiweki yonse, tcheni cha B pamapeto pake chidzakhala chotalikirapo kuposa unyolo A, ndipo potulutsa tcheni chotalikirapo B ku netiweki yonse, mbiri izilembedwanso, unyolo wa B udzalowa m'malo Unyolo ngati unyolo weniweni, ndikusamutsira kusinthitsa ku Block A kudzachotsedwa, ndikupangitsa wotsutsayo kukhala 10 miliyoni pachabe.

Masiku ano, njira yosavuta kwambiri kwa munthu wamba wopanda mphamvu ya masamu kuti apeze ndalama zadijito ndikuti mugule posinthana ndikuyiyika ku adilesi yanu yachikwama.

Adilesiyi imachokera pachinsinsi chanu chachinsinsi, chomwe chimasimbidwa, ndipo fungulo la anthu, lomwe lili ndi encrypt, limalandira adilesi.

Pa netiweki yosadziwika monga blockchain, kiyi wachinsinsi yekha ndi amene angatsimikizire kuti ndinu, ndipo bola kusamutsaku kukuphatikizidwa ndi siginecha yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi kiyi wanu wachinsinsi, aliyense akhoza kutsimikizira kuti kusinthako kuli koyenera. Chifukwa chake ngati kiyi wachinsinsi atasokonezedwa, aliyense akhoza kudziyesa kuti ndi inu ndikusamutsa ndalamazo.